Everything about Chop totally explained
CHOP is the acronym for a
chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of
non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
CHOP stands for Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin (Adriamycin), Oncovin (Vincristine), Prednisone/Prednisolone.
Uses and indications
CHOP consists of:
This regimen can also be combined with the
monoclonal antibody rituximab if the lymphoma is of
B cell origin (
R-CHOP or
CHOP-R). Typically, courses are administered at an interval of two or three
weeks. A
staging CT scan is generally performed after three cycles to assess whether the disease is responding to treatment.
In patients with a history of
cardiovascular disease, the doxorubicin (which is
cardiotoxic) is often deemed to be too great a risk and is omitted from the regimen. The combination is then referred to as
COP or
CVP.
Side-effects and complications
The combination is generally well tolerated.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may require
antiemetics (such as
ondansetron), and
hemorrhagic cystitis is prevented with administration of
mesna.
Alopecia (hair loss) is common.
Neutropenia generally develops in the second week. During this period, many clinicians recommend prophylactic use of
ciprofloxacin. If a
fever develops in the neutropenic period, urgent medical assessment is required for
neutropenic sepsis, as infections in patients with low neutrophil counts may progress rapidly.
Allopurinol is typically co-administered prophylactically to prevent
tumor lysis syndrome, the result of rapid death of tumor cells.
History
A pivotal study published in 1993 compared CHOP to several other chemotherapy regimens (for example m-BACOD, ProMACE-CytaBOM, MACOP-B). CHOP emerged as the regimen with the least toxicity but similar efficacy.
Further Information
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